[Earth’s magnetic field and climate change.]

The world experienced a few centuries of apocalyptic conditions 42,000 years ago, triggered by a reversal of the Earth’s magnetic poles combined with changes in the Sun’s behaviour. That’s the key finding of our new multidisciplinary study, published in Science.

Earth’s magnetic field broke down 42,000 years ago

and caused massive sudden climate change

This last major geomagnetic reversal triggered a series of dramatic events that have far-reaching consequences for our planet. They read like the plot of a horror movie: the ozone layer was destroyed, electrical storms raged across the tropics, solar winds generated spectacular light shows (auroras), Arctic air poured across North America, ice sheets and glaciers surged and weather patterns shifted violently.

During these events, life on earth was exposed to intense ultraviolet light, Neanderthals and giant animals known as megafauna went extinct, while modern humans sought protection in caves.

The magnetic north pole – where a compass needle points to – does not have a permanent location. Instead, it usually wobbles around close to the geographic north pole – the point around which the Earth spins – over time due to movements within the Earth’s core.

…

Because of the coincidence of seemingly random cosmic events and the extreme environmental changes found around the world 42,000 years ago, we have called this period the “Adams Event” – a tribute to the great science fiction writer Douglas Adams.

…

[theconversation.com/earths-magnetic-field-broke-down-42-000-years-ago-and-caused-massive-sudden-climate-change-155580]

(texto/legenda: The Conversation ─ imagem: vchal/shutterstock)

Why is Earth still habitable after billions of years?

In part, we're just lucky.

When you look around you, almost anywhere on Earth, you see life. Earth seems exquisitely supportive of life: We see it in the air, in the water, in the land, and even deep underground.

But was that inevitable? We know that there have been mass extinction events in the past, some taking out the majority of life on Earth. However, since life got started and spread around on Earth there hasn't been any event that completely eradicated life. Of course! Else we wouldn't be here to ponder it.

(texto: Bad Astronomy/Phil Plait/syfy.com ─ imagem: David Gallo/WHOI and NASA/NOAA)

[Tal como por cá com as barragens. Coincidência?]

The World’s Glaciers are Down by 9 Trillion Tonnes of Ice in the Last Half Century

(Evan Gough/Universe Today)

Mudanças de massa do Gelo Glacial

(1961/2016)

Áreas Glaciares/a amarelo

Área perdida/a vermelho

Área ganha/a verde

“New research published on April 8th, 2019, shows that the Earth’s glaciers have lost over 9,000 gigatons of ice since 1961. That’s over 9 trillion tons. And as a result, they have caused the seas to rise by 27 mm (1.06 inches) since then.”

(Evan Gough/Universe Today)

(universetoday.com)

[Com um estudo levado a cabo por um grupo de investigadores da Universidade do Wisconsin-Madison (EUA), a sugerir uma tendência de arrefecimento da Terra recuando às condições Climáticas registadas há 50.000.000 de anos (milhões), num processo com uma aceleração fantástica levando apenas 200 anos (centenas) a concluir-se: dentro de uma dúzia de anos com a Terra a recuar a um período muito semelhante ao do MID-PLIOCENE (recuando mais de 3.000.000 de anos); para de seguida e dentro de 132 anos (nada se fazendo entretanto) se poder comparar (o seu clima) ao período do EOCENO (quente e quase livre de gelo) registado há 50 milhões de anos.]

Date:

December 10, 2018

Source:

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Summary:

Our future on Earth may also be our past. Researchers show that humans are reversing a long-term cooling trend tracing back at least 50 million years. And it's taken just two centuries.

Future climate analogs for the years 2020, 2050, 2100 and 2200 according to three well-established models

If greenhouse gas emissions are not curbed, the study says, the climate will continue to warm until it begins to resemble the Eocene in 2100

Our future on Earth may also be our past

In a study published Monday (Dec. 10, 2018) in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers show that humans are reversing a long-term cooling trend tracing back at least 50 million years. And it's taken just two centuries.

2030, Earth's climate is expected to resemble that of the mid-Pliocene, going back more than 3 million years in geologic time. Without reductions in our greenhouse gas emissions, our climates by 2150 could compare to the warm and mostly ice-free Eocene, an epoch that characterized the globe 50 million years ago.

"If we think about the future in terms of the past, where we are going is uncharted territory for human society," says the study's lead author, Kevin Burke, who conducted the work while a graduate student in the lab of paleoecologist John "Jack" Williams, professor of geography at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. "We are moving toward very dramatic changes over an extremely rapid time frame, reversing a planetary cooling trend in a matter of centuries."

…

In their paper, the researchers try to strike a balance between alarm and optimism. On the one hand, Earth is headed into the unknown in our children's and grandchildren's lifetimes. On the other, life has long proven to be resilient. And, Williams says, in many places we are moving away from fossil fuels toward more sustainable and carbon-free energy sources. But more needs to be done.

We've seen big things happen in Earth's history -- new species evolved, life persists and species survive. But many species will be lost, and we live on this planet," says Williams. "These are things to be concerned about, so this work points us to how we can use our history and Earth's history to understand changes today and how we can best adapt."

(publicado/inglês: sciencedaily.com/Universidade de Wisconsin-Madison/10.12.2018)

Black & White

On Earth and Cleary on Mars the Sun is always present: in our land strictly to save us in alien land sometimes to kill them. The second choice targeted to Mars an arid and deserted planet without atmosphere or water – probably with life billions of years ago (even on a primitive way) and today appointed by man as a future colony (with space conquest in our mind vision).

On planet Mars the Sun really burns

From the perspective of a possible and still existent Martian

In the actual ambient conditions (of deadly radiations) only being possible underground

(MARS – SOL 528 – 23.11.16)

Rising in the not almost clear sky of alien planet Mars, without clouds but only dust (to earthman normal like in the desert) and starting warming once again the almost cremated scenario for billions and billions of years invaded by cosmic rays (including and mostly solar): and flying in space like a zombie without is soul and even a destiny to just talk about (or murmur).

(image: nasa.gov)

NASA ALERT
SUNDAY EXPRESS
SCORES of giant asteroids are on course to hurtle close to Earth before the end of February, according to latest NASA space data
(Nathan Rao – Sunday Express – January 1, 2015)

The asteroids are around 100 metres wide

Some are more than 1km wide and threaten devastating consequences if they were to strike our planet.
Of almost 70 asteroids on the radar most are around 100 metres wide, the size of a double decker bus, and would be capable of causing significant damage.
Experts warn if one of these monsters, some of which travel at up to 70,000 miles an hour, were to hit Earth it could “alter life as we know it”.
Plumes of debris thrown into the atmosphere would change the climate making the planet inhabitable for all life including humans.
An impact would still be catastrophic destroying cities and knocking out transport and communication networks.
According to NASA’s Near Earth Object Programme, there are 68 ‘close approaches’ forecast before the end of next month
The next, due on January 3, is the 490-metre wide 2005 YQ96 asteroid currently hurtling through space at more than 30,000 miles per hour.
The biggest to skim the planet will be the mile-wide 2007 EJ asteroid due to throttle past on January 12th at 34,500 miles per hour.
Experts say although it is unlikely any of these will hit the Earth, there is always a chance they may veer off course or explode showering the planet with debris.
Bill Napier, professor of astronomy at the University of Buckinghamshire, said: “If you are talking about a real major impact you are looking at one every few centuries, these are the real show stoppers and in history have sometimes been described as fire from the heavens.
“However the smaller collisions happen more frequently, asteroids of 2km (1.2 miles) can cause a global catastrophe which would exterminate around two thirds of the human race, mainly due to the heat produced.
“There is also the hazard brought by comets, and these occur on much shorter timescales.
“It the Earth passes through the tail of a comet it will generate a massive plume of smoke, and this could be a civilization-stopper.”

The next asteroid is hurtling through space at more than 30,000 miles per hour

The warnings come after scientists from around the world converged at the end of last year to raise the alarm that there are around one million undetected asteroids currently flying through space.
They said without better technology and means of deflection one could hit the Earth and trigger a disaster similar to the collision which killed the dinosaurs 65 million years ago.
Launching Asteroid Day, designated the 30th of June, co-founder of the initiative Grigorij Richters said: “There are thousands of asteroids that we know nothing about, we take this threat very seriously.
“It just takes one asteroid to completely destroy life, not just humanity, but all species.
“Asteroid Day is all about raising awareness, understanding there’s a threat and dealing with it.
Scientists reckon of all the asteroids blasting through space and capable of wiping out our planet they are aware of just one per cent of them.
Space expert Bill Nye, who has backed the project, said if the Tunguska asteroid which hit Siberia on June 30, 1908 had arrived just hours later it would have “changed the path of civilisation”.
He said: “If the event had taken place 6.5 hours later Berlin would have been in the object’s path and that would have changed the path of civilisation.
“Our challenge is to find these things but it is looking like a piece of charcoal in the dark.
“We have technology to deflect asteroids using lasers, this is the real deal, perhaps the reason we haven’t heard from other civilisations in space is because they didn’t pass the asteroid test.
“Dinosaurs were almost certainly killed off by an asteroid.”
NASA said it is aware of 1,552 “potentially hazardous” asteroids (PHAs) in outer space which show an orbit dangerously close to swiping Earth.
A spokesman said: “Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are currently defined based on parameters that measure the asteroid's potential to make threatening close approaches to the Earth.
“This ‘potential’ to make close Earth approaches does not mean a PHA will impact the Earth.
“It only means there is a possibility for such a threat.
“By monitoring these PHAs and updating their orbits as new observations become available, we can better predict the close-approach statistics and thus their Earth-impact threat.”

(express.co.uk)

What Are the Inuit Elders Warning NASA and the World About?
(www.visiontimes.com)

Inuit have warned NASA about Earth axis shift

The Inuit are indigenous people who inhabit the arctic regions of Canada, the United States, and Greenland, and throughout history their very lives have depended on being able to correctly forecast weather… and they are warning NASA and the world that the extreme weather, earthquakes, and other catastrophic events the world is now experiencing are not being caused by global warming.

What they claim is the Earth has shifted, tilted, or as they put it “wobbled” to the north.

They all agree: ‘Their sky has changed.’

Inuit elders maintain the Sun doesn’t rise were it used to, they have longer daylight hours to hunt, and the Sun is higher than it used to be, warming up quicker than before.

They are adamant that the stars, the Sun, and the Moon have all changed, which is what is affecting the temperatures, and even affecting the way the wind blows.

It is becoming increasingly hard to predict the weather, something that is a must when you are living in the Arctic. All the elders agree the Earth has shifted.

In the article referenced in the video, it states that NASA scientists and experts are “worried” by the information the Inuit elders are providing them.

(texto: John Andress – imagem: Shari Gearheard)

Glancing blow possible

O Sol em 9 de Julho

Earth could receive a glancing blow from a CME on July 13th

It comes from a magnetic filament that erupted from the sun's northern hemisphere on July 9th and hurled part of itself into space. Minor geomagnetic storms are possible when the CME arrives.

(texto: spaceweather.com – imagem: SOHO/NASA)

Potentially Habitable Super-Earth Discovered 16 Light-Years Away

(Jun 29, 2014 by Sci-News.com)

Artistic representation of the potentially habitable exoplanet Gliese 832 c as compared with Earth

(PHL / UPR Arecibo)

A team of astronomers led by Dr Robert Wittenmyer of the University of New South Wales has discovered a super-Earth orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone of Gliese 832 (GJ 832), a red-dwarf star previously known to host a cold Jupiter-like exoplanet.

Gliese 832, also known as HD 204961 or LHS 3685, is a M1.5 dwarf located in the constellation Grus, about 16 light-years from Earth. It has about half the mass and radius of the Sun.

This star is already known to harbor Gliese 832b, a cold Jupiter-like planet discovered in 2009.

“With an outer giant planet and an interior potentially rocky planet, this planetary system can be thought of as a miniature version of our Solar System,” said Prof Chris Tinney, an astronomer with the University of New South Wales and a co-author of the discovery paper accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (arXiv.org pre-print).

...

(from: sci-news.com)

Dark Matter Could Send Asteroids Crashing into Earth:

New Theory

(Charles Q. Choi – 28.04.2014 – space.com)

Dark matter could sling lethal meteors at Earth, potentially causing mass extinctions like the cataclysm that ended the Age of Dinosaurs, Harvard scientists say.

Physicists think the mysterious, invisible substance called dark matter makes up five-sixths of all matter in the universe. It was first detected by the strength of its gravitational pull, which apparently helps keep the Milky Way and other galaxies from spinning apart, given the speeds at which they whirl.

Scientists have recently suggested that a thin, dense disk of dark matter about 35 light-years thick lies along the central plane of the Milky Way, cutting through the galaxy's disk of stars.

The sun travels in an up-and-down, wavy motion through this plane while orbiting the center of the galaxy.

Researchers suggest this disk of clouds and clumps made of dark matter might disturb the orbits of comets in the outer solar system, hurling them inward. This could lead to catastrophic asteroid impacts on Earth, of the kind that likely ended the Age of Dinosaurs, said theoretical physicists Lisa Randall and Matthew Reece at Harvard University.

Past research has suggested meteor bombardment of Earth rises and falls in a cycle about 35 million years long. In the past, scientists have proposed a cosmic trigger for this cycle, such as a potential companion star for the sun with the dramatic name "Nemesis."

Instead of blaming a "death star" for these catastrophes, Randall and Reese point out that this cycle of doom closely matches the rate at which the sun passes through the central plane of the Milky Way. This hints that the galaxy's "dark disk" may be the actual culprit. (continua)

(space.com)